A photograph is only as good as its print. If your best photos haven't been printed, it's a shame. When we first talk about photos, we mean sheets of paper that are printed as a result of the darkroom process, which are then tucked into albums or displayed on the wall. Now in the digital era, the photo is what is seen on the screen (monitor, tablet, LCD TV or digital frame), or just seen on a cellphone. Printing matters began to feel foreign, especially for those who were not pursuing photography as a profession. But from the thousands of digital photo files that you store on your computer, one day you will print them too. It's easy, just bring a memory card or flash disk containing photo files (eg JPG format) to the nearest print outlet and say what size you want to print. OK. But later, suddenly, for example, the printer will remind you that the photo you submit will not look good if it is printed because it is only 72 dpi. Well you know, what's this? You are forced to have to google to find out about this and get even more confused by this article that varies about dpi and print sizes. So what is the point I want to convey in this article? That in fact, we will meet the term pixels per inch (ppi) in the business of printing photos. Many people prefer to call it dpi (dots per inch), even though they are similar, but dpi and ppi have different understandings. Pixels per inch simply means relative print resolution, the more pixels in one square inch of course the more detailed the printed photo.
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But remember, it all starts with pixels. This pixel is the smallest dot that contains color and image information, the more pixels, the clearer the details of the resulting print. Pixels are indeed a reference in forming digital images, including in digital cameras. The pixels of a digital camera are seen from the sensor (see picture below), how many mega pixels (MP) digital photos can record. The detail of a digital image is seen from the number of horizontal and vertical pixels that the image has. For example, photos with 3000 x 2000 pixels (or 6 million pixels / 6 mega pixels) can still look sharp when printed at 10R, but photos with 1 MP will look broken and not sharp when printed on 10R paper. So to get good photo prints, the main thing is to choose the highest pixel resolution we can. This can be done by choosing the largest image size that can be taken by a digital camera (for example, in the camera there is a choice of Large, Medium or Small, so choose the Large one).
Unlike image pixels, which are absolute, ppi is a relationship between pixels and print size.
With lots of pixels, you will get sharpness and smooth gradient transitions, as well as preserved details. So what is the relationship between pixels and ppi? Unlike image pixels, which are absolute, ppi is a relationship between pixels and print size. Here ppi plays a role in the actual print size. The ppi unit states the density of the print for each square inch, for example a digital image that has a resolution of 300 ppi means that if the image is printed, every 1 square inch of the printout will contain 300 pixels. Yes, I know we are not used to using inches in length, because since elementary school we know cm, meters and so on. But what can I do, here we are talking about inches. The example above is an illustration of a dot in one square inch.
It appears with 72 points, the distance between the points is very tenuous and not tight. With 300 points, it looks tight and there are no visible gaps between points. Well, the size of the ppi is closely related to the magnification of the print. The higher the ppi of an image, the smaller the print size, but the higher the density of the image (so the details are also clear), otherwise the lower the ppi, the larger the print size of the image, although the density is certainly lower. Let's take an example. A photo with 6 MP (3000 x 2000 pixels) taken by our camera basically can not be known how big the printout is. However, if the photo is viewed in its file properties, it will reveal how many ppi it has. How did this difference come about? It's very simple, ppi will determine the print size by dividing the pixels. So it turns out that photos produced from two cameras with the same resolution have different print sizes due to this ppi. For example, Canon with 72 ppi allows us to print larger sizes, while Nikon with 300 ppi only allows us to print in small sizes. In fact, when viewed on a computer monitor, the 3000 x 2000 pixel image makes no difference between 72 ppi and 300 ppi. Can't every photo be printed in any size we like? Yes, you can. Because the printing process is assisted by an image processing program, for example Photoshop, everything can be adjusted. Assume that from the example above, a photo of 6 mega pixels but with a print resolution of 300 ppi (which means the print size is 10 x 6.6 inches), would like to print larger, for example. 41.7 x 27.7 inches.
What can be done using a computer program is to change the ppi of the photo from 300 ppi to 72 ppi, then the print size will automatically be 41.7 x 27.7 inches. See the example in the picture beside (funny example beside using the term dpi instead of ppi). Only by changing the ppi the print size changes immediately. But there is bad news to use 72 ppi. The result of decreasing ppi from 300 to 72 will certainly cause the density of the print detail to decrease. This will be a problem for those of you who enjoy the prints from a close distance, but not a problem for those who view the prints from a further distance. Think about it first, from what distance do you want to see a large photo? In your opinion, how many ppi are printed on giant billboard advertisements on the streets (which fall on cars when hit by a hurricane)? Because viewed from a distance, the small ppi is not a problem. So the secret of printing billboards on the street is to use a very low ppi, say 12 ppi. After all you see it from the car, not up to the billboard and see it up close, right? I want it to stay at 300 ppi. How can I make my photos print larger? Interpolate, resample. The way to change the print size without changing the ppi is to interpolate the pixels. To be able to print a size of 41.7 x 27.7 inches, an image with a size of 3000 x 2000 pixels must be interpolated or the number of pixels increased by resampling. With Photoshop we can choose what size to print, and how many ppi.
Then choose your preferred resample technique (usually bicubic) and what happens? This means that a 3000 x 2000 pixel (6 MP) 300 ppi image must be interpolated into a 12510 x 8160 pixel (102 MP!!) image so that it can be printed at 55.5 x 41.6 inches. This will cause the image file size to jump drastically to become very large, reaching hundreds of mega bytes for each image. One CD may only be enough to accommodate one or two photos of this interpolation. Make no mistake. Pixels that jump from 6 MP to 102 MP does not mean we get more detailed photos. Photoshop cannot create extra detail from a finished photo. Photoshop just creates meaningless pixels, just so the photo can be printed larger. These 'fictitious' pixels are what cause the file size to spike tremendously. Yes, it's reasonable. The point is, you don't have to worry about this. Just to know that the digital photo printing business turns out to be a lot of things that need to be recognized and understood.
Digital cameras store photos in pixels, printers convert these pixels into photo prints. We determine our print size requirements and recognize the compromises of that choice. Today's digital cameras are very good in terms of sensor resolution, meaning that we rarely find sensors below 10 MP like the example we are discussing (even though the 10 MP sensor used to be a luxury). With a digital photo of at least 10 MP, the print quality will be very good and detailed, the gradations are smooth and don't look pixelated. For 10R prints (or roughly the size of A4 paper), you don't have to worry about technical matters like ppi. If you want your photos to be printed larger than 10R, then pay attention that photo printing services usually ask for photos at 300 ppi for best results. If you have time, check again whether the photo you want to print is already 300 ppi. If not, resampling will be carried out. Photos with high mega pixels, when interpolated will still look good, but images with less pixels when interpolated will become broken and lack detail. Also keep in mind that interpolation only increases the number of pixels but cannot add details to the photo. Finally, note that the JPG file is compressed to a minimum, around 90-95% for the quality setting. JPG files that are set to below 80% quality will produce low quality images, many artifacts and colors are faded and unsuitable for printing.